Angular 8 正式開放了 Builders API，讓社區可以為 ng build、ng test、ng serve 等命令提供自定義實現。這也是 @angular-builders/custom-webpack 、@nrwl/workspace 等不少優秀工具的基礎。

angular.json 中的 architect 配置

{
  "projects": {
    "my-app": {
      "architect": {
        "build": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
          "options": {
            "outputPath": "dist/my-app",
            "index": "src/index.html",
            "main": "src/main.ts"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "optimization": true,
              "sourceMap": false
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

自定義構建器

// builders/timestamp-copy/index.ts
import {
  createBuilder,
  BuilderOutput,
  BuilderContext,
} from "@angular-devkit/architect";
import * as fs from "fs";

export interface TimestampCopyOptions {
  sourceDir: string;
  targetDir: string;
}

export default createBuilder<TimestampCopyOptions>(
  async (options, context): Promise<BuilderOutput> => {
    context.logger.info(
      `開始拷貝: ${options.sourceDir} -> ${options.targetDir}`,
    );
    try {
      const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
      const files = fs.readdirSync(options.sourceDir);
      if (!fs.existsSync(options.targetDir))
        fs.mkdirSync(options.targetDir, { recursive: true });
      files.forEach((file) => {
        fs.copyFileSync(
          `${options.sourceDir}/${file}`,
          `${options.targetDir}/${timestamp}-${file}`,
        );
      });
      return { success: true };
    } catch (e) {
      return { success: false, error: e.message };
    }
  },
);

// builders.json
{
  "builders": {
    "timestamp-copy": {
      "implementation": "./timestamp-copy/index",
      "schema": "./timestamp-copy/schema.json",
      "description": "拷貝文件並添加時間戳"
    }
  }
}

ng-add Schematics

ng add 允許庫在被安裝時自動執行配置邏輯：

// schematics/ng-add/index.ts
import { Rule, SchematicContext, Tree } from "@angular-devkit/schematics";
import { addModuleImportToRootModule } from "@angular/cdk/schematics";

export function ngAdd(): Rule {
  return (tree: Tree, context: SchematicContext) => {
    context.logger.info("安裝 MyLibrary...");
    // 自動向 AppModule 添加導入
    addModuleImportToRootModule(tree, "MyLibraryModule", "@my-org/my-library");
    return tree;
  };
}

這樣用户只需要：

ng add @my-org/my-library
# 自動安裝 npm 包 + 添加 AppModule 導入

ng update 遷移路徑

# 查看待更新的包
ng update

# 升級 Angular 8
ng update @angular/cli @angular/core

# ng update 會自動運行 migration schematic——包括
# 更新惰性加載語法為 import() 形式

總結

Angular Builders API 讓 Angular CLI 不再是封閉的黑盒子。社區工具可以通過它的集成自定義構建流程，讓 Angular 項目和現有 DevOps 流水線更容易合作。