React performance optimization with memo and useMemo has been discussed in the community many times, but as versions iterate, many conclusions need updating. This article revisits them based on the latest version.

Getting Started

In real projects the usage gets a bit more complex:

import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react'

function DataList({ endpoint, pageSize = 20 }) {
  const [data, setData] = useState([])
  const [page, setPage] = useState(1)
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)

  const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
    setLoading(true)
    try {
      const res = await fetch(`${endpoint}?page=${page}&size=${pageSize}`)
      setData(await res.json())
    } finally { setLoading(false) }
  }, [endpoint, page, pageSize])

  useEffect(() => { fetchData() }, [fetchData])

  return <div>{loading ? <Spinner /> : <List items={data} />}</div>
}

This approach improves both the testability and extensibility of the code.

Source Code Analysis

Here is a complete example:

const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
  for (const entry of list.getEntries()) {
    if (entry.entryType === 'largest-contentful-paint') {
      reportMetric('LCP', entry.startTime)
    }
    if (entry.entryType === 'first-input') {
      reportMetric('FID', entry.processingStart - entry.startTime)
    }
  }
})
observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['largest-contentful-paint', 'first-input'] })

Pay attention to edge-case handling—it is critical in production.

Real-World Applications

The key is understanding the core logic:

import { useRef, useEffect, useState } from 'react'

function useIntersectionObserver(options = {}) {
  const [isVisible, setIsVisible] = useState(false)
  const ref = useRef(null)

  useEffect(() => {
    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(([entry]) => {
      setIsVisible(entry.isIntersecting)
    }, { threshold: 0.1, ...options })
    const el = ref.current
    if (el) observer.observe(el)
    return () => { if (el) observer.unobserve(el) }
  }, [])

  return [ref, isVisible]
}

Performance optimization has to be tuned to the actual scenario—not everything needs over-optimization.

Optimization Tips

We can improve it in the following ways:

import { useReducer, useCallback } from 'react'

const initialState = { items: [], filter: '', sort: 'date' }

function reducer(state, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'SET_ITEMS': return { ...state, items: action.payload }
    case 'SET_FILTER': return { ...state, filter: action.payload }
    case 'ADD_ITEM': return { ...state, items: [...state.items, action.payload] }
    case 'REMOVE_ITEM': return { ...state, items: state.items.filter(i => i.id !== action.payload) }
    default: throw new Error(`Unknown: ${action.type}`)
  }
}

This approach has been running stably in production for over half a year and is proven in practice.

Summary

• The code examples are for reference only; adapt them to your use case.
• React performance optimization with memo and useMemo isn't a silver bullet—pick it based on project size and tech stack.
• Understanding the underlying principles matters more than memorizing APIs.
• Be sure to verify compatibility before using it in production.
• On a team, conventions and documentation matter more than the tech itself.